1.) Depth of Field
The distance that an object would be in focus is very small. It is almost impossible to have subject up close be in sharp focus, and setting a small aperture doesn't greatly increase it. The best practice is to choose which part should be sharp.
2.) Movement
Using a tripod to steady the camera is a very good idea, due to the fact that movement of the subject or camera is greatly magnified. Flash can reduce the effect of movement, since the slightest twitch will make the image unclear.
3.) The Working Distance
The space between the object and the front of the lens is very important. For animals you need a large working distance so they don't run away or hurt you. This requires a longer-than-normal focal length.
4.) Automatic Flash Exposure
At very short distances the flash may not respond quickly enough to prevent over exposure. To prevent this, set the aperture manually and make sure close-up focusing is available.
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